cyber day #26

I will be taking the test during live class at 1:25 on June 2





 Poor Plebs

  • Juvenal said Rome “anxiously hopes for two things: bread and circuses”
  • bread: free grain from the state... entertainment: Circus Maximus, Colosseum 
  • to keep them alive 
  • to keep them quiet, distracted, and docile
A Change In Rule

  • Tiberius Gracchus recognized the advantages of courting the plebeians 
  • military generals worked that angle leading an army that conquers a land, giving them a share in the spoils
  • soldiers’ loyalty was to their military leader (not to Rome or the Republic)
Nobody Did That Better Than Caesar
  • Julius Caesar         
  • (100 - 44 BCE)
  • a highly successful general
  • conquered the huge territory of Gaul
He Could Play The Game (Of Politics)
  • he made common folks happy
  • he made friends in high places
  • Pompey: a general who conquered Syria and Palestine
  • Crassus: the richest man in Rome, one of the richest men in all history
  • Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus formed the First Triumvirate (“rule of three men”)
Caesar Seizing Power
  • he served as consul for one year
  • he appointed himself governor of Gaul
  • Pompey was jealous and becomes his rival
  • Caesar’s armies clash with Pompey’s in Greece, Asia, Spain, and Egypt 
  • Caesar wins
  • In 44BC he is named dictator for the first for six months, then for life
Caesars Reforms
  • granted citizenship to people in provinces
  • expanded the Senate, adding his friends
  • created jobs for the poor, especially through public works projects
  • increased pay for soldiers
  • started colonies where those without land could own property
Assassination
  • the senators saw Caesar’s rise in power as a huge threat to their political viability
  • they lured him into the Senate, stabbing him 23 times, making sure all were involve
  • Brutus: Caesar’s ally 
  • senators were not punished
  • Octavian was named Julius Caesar’s sole heir
  • this was the end of the republic

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